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2025-26 regular season

Shot quality

Shot selection: how many points a player's shots are worth before anyone shoots them. Shot making: how many more (or fewer) he actually scores.

Reading it: +5 shot making means 5 more points per 100 shots than an average shooter would score on the same shots. +0.05 shot selection means each shot is worth 0.05 more points than the league's typical shot.

Lowest shot making · forwards

73 players with 500+ shots · league 1.09 points per shot
#PlayerShot makingMakingShot selectionSelectionPts per shotPPSExpectedxPPSShotsFGA
1Ronald Holland IIF · DET-18.33rd+0.04777th0.961.14544
2Tari EasonF · HOU-13.110th+0.03168th0.991.12580
3Cody WilliamsF · MIN-10.115th-0.00150th0.991.09509
4Paolo BancheroF · ORL-9.816th-0.00248th0.991.091152
5Noah ClowneyF · BKN-9.616th+0.00152nd1.001.09631
6P.J. WashingtonF · DAL-8.320th+0.00856th1.021.10657
7De'Andre HunterF · SAC-7.523rd-0.03821st0.981.05502
8Jake LaRaviaF · LAL-7.024th+0.04676th1.071.14523
9Deni AvdijaF · POR-6.924th+0.01861st1.041.111066
10Matas BuzelisF · CHI-5.926th+0.07385th1.111.16963
11Saddiq BeyF · NOP-5.528th+0.02363rd1.061.11966
12Zaccharie RisacherF · DAL-5.528th+0.05380th1.091.14537
13Will RileyF · WAS-5.130th-0.03722nd1.001.05618
14Jarace WalkerF · IND-4.532nd-0.02730th1.021.06733
15Cooper FlaggF · DAL-4.233rd-0.05314th1.001.041194
16Miles BridgesF · PHX-4.134th+0.00957th1.061.101041
17Julius RandleF · BKN-4.034th+0.00151st1.051.091208
18Precious AchiuwaF · SAC-3.137th+0.04375th1.101.13597
19Jaylen WellsF · MEM-2.738th-0.01738th1.051.07698
20Nicolas ClaxtonF-C · CHI-2.739th+0.08388th1.151.17583
21RJ BarrettF-G · TOR-2.739th+0.03672nd1.101.13816
22Khris MiddletonF · WAS-2.640th-0.1001st0.960.99540
23Franz WagnerF · ORL-2.141st-0.01341st1.061.08507
24GG JacksonF · MEM-1.942nd+0.04174th1.111.13513
25Jerami GrantF · MEM-1.842nd+0.02263rd1.091.11729
26Airious BaileyF · UTA-1.744th-0.03523rd1.041.06892
27Kelly Oubre Jr.F · IND-1.544th+0.01659th1.091.11544
28Kyle KuzmaF · MIL-1.444th+0.02765th1.101.12689
29Evan MobleyF-C · CLE-0.746th+0.08087th1.161.17859
30OG AnunobyF · NYK-0.647th+0.07987th1.161.17803
31Jalen JohnsonF · ATL-0.448th-0.01440th1.071.081230
32Wendell Carter Jr.F · ORL+0.150th+0.04476th1.141.14637
33Toumani CamaraF · POR+0.250th+0.03369th1.131.12891
34Tristan Da SilvaF · ORL+0.351st-0.00150th1.091.09620
35Alperen SengunF-C · HOU+0.551st-0.02234th1.071.071123
36Pascal SiakamF · IND+0.854th-0.04120th1.061.051156
37Jabari Smith Jr.F · HOU+0.954th-0.02036th1.081.07975
38Lauri MarkkanenF · UTA+1.156th-0.00546th1.101.09805
39KyShawn GeorgeF · WAS+1.256th-0.05413th1.051.04577
40Zion WilliamsonF · NOP+1.458th+0.09691st1.201.19807
41Tobias HarrisF · SAS+1.558th-0.04419th1.061.05659
42Jay HuffF-C · IND+1.658th+0.04074th1.151.13611
43Joel EmbiidF-C · PHI+1.659th-0.05314th1.051.04697
44Onyeka OkongwuF-C · ATL+1.760th+0.02062nd1.131.11859
45Keldon JohnsonF · SAS+1.961st+0.05380th1.161.14797
46Victor WembanyamaF-C · SAS+2.062nd+0.02564th1.141.121080
47Brandon MillerF · CHA+2.262nd-0.04717th1.071.041043
48LeBron JamesF · PHI+2.464th-0.00348th1.111.09919
49Andrew WigginsF-G · MIA+2.665th+0.00253rd1.121.09820
50Naz ReidF-C · CHA+3.066th-0.02333rd1.101.07871

Percentiles are among all players with 200+ shots. Tap a player for his shot chart in the Quality view.

How this works

The method

Every shot gets an expected make chance from a logistic regression fit on 219,152 2025-26 regular-season shots. It uses only what the play-by-play records: distance (2 ft steps), two or three, corner three, paint or midrange, shot type (layup or dunk, jumper, floater or hook), fourth quarter or overtime, the last 24 seconds of a period, and home or away.

Expected points = make chance x 2 or 3. Shot selection is a player's expected points per shot minus the league's (1.091). Shot making is actual minus expected points, per 100 shots. Players need 200+ shots to be ranked. Free throws are not included.

The test

  • Fit on 175,364 shots, tested on 43,788 shots from 246 games it never saw (a random 20% of games).
  • AUC 0.644 (0.5 is a coin flip, 1.0 is perfect). A zone-only average scores 0.632.
  • Log loss 0.653 vs 0.659 for zone only and 0.692 for one league-wide FG% (lower is better). Brier score 0.231.
  • Test games: league FG% 47.3%, mean predicted 47.0%.
  • All shots: 239,129 actual points from field goals vs 239,153 expected (+0.01%).
30%30%40%40%50%50%60%60%70%70%80%80%Group 1: predicted 32.7%, actual 32.2% (4071 shots)Group 2: predicted 35.0%, actual 35.9% (3336 shots)Group 3: predicted 35.9%, actual 37.3% (3123 shots)Group 4: predicted 37.6%, actual 38.1% (6971 shots)Group 5: predicted 40.8%, actual 41.9% (4391 shots)Group 6: predicted 43.4%, actual 43.6% (4375 shots)Group 7: predicted 45.6%, actual 45.2% (4251 shots)Group 8: predicted 56.7%, actual 55.7% (4334 shots)Group 9: predicted 65.4%, actual 65.1% (4029 shots)Group 10: predicted 73.7%, actual 75.1% (4907 shots)Predicted make chanceActual make rate
Test shots split into ten groups by predicted chance. Dots on the dashed diagonal mean the predictions match reality.

What it cannot see

  • How close the nearest defender was. A wide-open three and a contested one look the same.
  • Play type (catch and shoot, pull-up, post-up, putback) and the shot clock.
  • Who the shooter is. That is on purpose: the gap between actual and expected is the shot making.
  • Fouls and and-ones, so drawing contact is not credited here.
  • Playoff defense: on 2025-26 playoff shots it predicted about 4.5% more points than were scored.

Shot making is noisy: over 300 shots, luck alone moves it by about 6 points per 100 either way.